They are native to europe and asia, with the highest species diversity in the mediterranean. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Verbascum thapsus common mullein seeds world seed supply. Anthelmintic and relaxant activities of verbascum thapsus mullein. The soothing action of mullein coats sore throats and makes coughing more productive. It is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 m or more tall. Native to europe and asia, common mullein verbascum thapsus is part of the figwort or scrophulariaceae family and is an erect, invasive herb. It is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 m tall or more.
Its small yellow flowers are densely grouped on a tall stem, which bolts from a largerosette of leaves. Verbascum thapsus linnaeus is an accepted species name sensu fna ed. It has long been used as a medicinal, acting as a mild sedative and narcotic, an emollient, an expectorant and an astringent. Verbascum thapsus great or common mullein figure 1 is a species of mullein, native to europe, northern africa and asia, and introduced in the americas and australia.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 631k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Common mullein, verbascum thapsus master gardener program. To facilitate access to taxonomic treatments that meet specific editorial criteria. L common mullein blattaria verbascum blattaria l moth. The plant grows all over europe and in temperate asia as far as the himalayas, and in north america. Verbascum thapsus aka flannel plant, velvet plant, lungwort, feltwort, jacobs staff, torchplant. Its small yellow flowers are densely grouped on a tall stem, which grows from a large rosette of leaves. First year mullein plants are lowgrowing rosettes of bluish graygreen, feltlike leaves that. Among the many uses of mullein, the dry leaves were used.
Its small, yellow flowers are densely grouped on a tall stem, which grows from a large rosette of leaves. Verbascum thapsus is a biennial, perennial or, rarely, an annual with a deep tap root. Verbascum thapsus but as the dried flower, reduced to the corolla. Native to asia and europe, verbascum is a now widespread genus in this family, with about 250 species. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Common mullein, pharmacological and chemical aspects core. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Thapsuss surviving ruins include an amphitheatre and various mosaics. It has traditionally been smoked or made into a tea for coughs and asthma.
In its first year it produces a low vegetative rosette up to 60 cm in diameter which overwinters and is followed in the succeeding growing season by a stout flowering stem 518 dm tall. Native to europe, northern africa and asia, it was probably introduced to north america several times as a medicinal herb. Verbascum thapsus, commonly called common mullein, is a wooly biennial herb that produces a a basal rosette of stalked, thick, soft, denselyhairy, flanneltextured, pale graygreen leaves to 615 long leaves in the first year, b an erect, solitary, unbranched, densely hairy flowering stem rising from the center of the rosette to 7 tall in the second. Its easily identified and is a curious addition to sunny landscapes. A strong history of medicinal use has been uncovered for the treatment of tuberculosis, tubercular skin disease, leprosy, and mycobacterial disease in. Common mullein is a weed of landscapes, perennial crops, and roadsides, often found in gravel where the soil is dry. Verbascum thapsus is a dicotyledonous plant that produces a rosette of leaves in its first year of growth. A large image of verbascum thapsus common mullein from the usda plants database.
Verbascum thapsus is native to europe and asia semenza et al. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Verbascum thapsus, known as great mullein or common mullein is a hardy biennialperrenial found throughout much of europe and the united states. Today, the dried leaves and flowers, swallow capsules, alcohol extracts and the flower oil of this plant can easily be found in health stores in the. Names of verbascum thapsus in various languages of the world are also given. Verbascum thapsus linnaeus database of vascular plants of. Information on period of medicinal use in the community regarding the. Common mullein, a biennial in the figwort family, is native to asia. The first year of the plant it produces a basal rosette. It grows in a wide variety of habitats, but prefers. May loo md, in integrative medicine for children, 2009.
It was probably introduced into north america several times as a medicinal herb. A strong history of medicinal use has been uncovered for the treatment of tuberculosis, tubercular skin disease, leprosy, and mycobacterial disease in animals. Verbascum thapsus, the great mullein or common mullein, is a species of mullein native to europe, northern africa, and asia, and introduced in the americas and australia it is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 m tall or more. Predictions of fate from rosette size in 4 biennial plant species. Common mullein verbascum thapsus aka flannel plant, velvet plant, lungwort, feltwort, jacobs staff, torchplant overview. P1 prohibited and must be eradicated or controlled in the west. The species bestknown among herbalists is the homely but useful common mullein, v. Large image for verbascum thapsus common mullein usda plants. Thapsus was the site of one of the roman empires greatest harbor moles, a huge concrete and stone breakwater extending almost a kilometer from shore.
Verbascum thapsus linnaeus database of vascular plants. Preparation of each volume of the flora of north america is a multiyear process involving dozens of authors and editors. Within the scrophulariaceae family, the genus verbascum consists of about 300 species native to europe, west and central asia, and north africa. Verbascum thapsus herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. It was deliberately introduced to the united states in the 1600s as both a medicinal herb and a fish poison. Legislation this species is declared under legislation in the following states and territories.
Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Most are tall, stout biennials with large leaves and flowers in long terminal spikes. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. The website also provides access to a database and images of plants photos and herbarium specimens found at. Planted in the spring mullein will grow into a striking floret like the one above. The second year plants normally produce a single unbranched stem, usually 12 m tall. It can produce 100,000180,000 seeds per individual plant and seeds may remain viable for over 100 years. Verbascum thapsus is an herbaceous plant native to europe that is cultivated and naturalized in temperate areas of the world, including north america, hawaii, reunion, australia, and new zealand. The woolly leaves are alternate and overlapping each. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Common mullein is a weed of landscapes, perennial crops, and. Verbascum thapsus great mullein or common mullein is a species of mullein native to europe, northern africa, and asia, and introduced in the americas and australia it is a hairy biennial plant that can grow to 2 meters tall or more.
Pdf on dec 12, 2012, soni yadav and others published theraputic uses of verbascum thapsus mullein. It is found in neglected meadows and pasture lands, along fencerows and roadsides. Common mullein department of agriculture conservation. Notice about flora of north america provisional publications. Johns wort hypericum perforatum, garlic allium sativum, mullein verbascum thapsus, and marigold calendula officinalis. Scrophulariaceae description in the first season of the plants growth, there appears only a rosette of large leaves, 6 to 15 inches long, in form somewhat like those of the foxglove, but thickerwhitish with a soft, dense mass of hairs on both sides, which make them very thick to the touch. First year mullein plants are lowgrowing rosettes of bluish graygreen, feltlike leaves that range from 412 inches in length and 15 inches in width. Common mullein invades and spreads rampantly throughout open areas. Traditionally mullein verbascum thapsus was used as a tea for the treatment of coughs. Review article pharmacological properties of verbascum thapsus. The leaves are lightgreen in color and are covered in fine soft hairs.
Studies on antibacterial activity of verbascum thapsus. Verbascum thapsus global invasive species database gisd. Leaves can be placed in shoes when soles become thin. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in verbascum thapsus. Thousands of new, highquality pictures added every day. Thapsus s surviving ruins include an amphitheatre and various mosaics. Find verbascum thapsus stock images in hd and millions of other royaltyfree stock photos, illustrations and vectors in the shutterstock collection. Large image for verbascum thapsus common mullein usda. Pdf assessing the effectiveness of mullein on respiratory. It quickly became so well established that an 1818 flora of the east co ast described it as a native. The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by insects. It may be noted here that the common mullein is one of the best herbs to treat most of the ailments associated with infancy or childhood. The use of these drops has demonstrated promising results.
List of various diseases cured by verbascum thapsus. Names of verbascum thapsus in various languages of. Mullein grows abundantly in parts of the southwest above 5,000, including the northern parts of arizona, such as flagstaff and the white mountains. Biological a curculionid weevil gymnaetron tetrum, specific to verbascum thapsus, was accidentally introduced to north america from europe before 1937. Verbascum pollen and nectar attract bees to gardens. Mullein flower consists of the dried flowers, reduced to the corolla and the androecium, of verbascum thapsus l.
Great or common mullein, velvet dock, velvet plant, woolly mullin part used. The incorporation of tracer into the latter was very low and was randomly distributed, with appreciable radioactivity appearing in the glucose moiety. In the later case, the use of mullein is more beneficial when mullein is blended with another herb called catnip. Probably the most common naturopathic topical treatment for otitis media are herbal ear drops, which often contain a combination of st. Verbascum thapsus is an erect herb in the family scrophulariaceae. It has many actions with respect to inflammation in the head, neck and upper chest. How verbascum thapsus is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Tall flower spikes will emerge, and flowers will open from the bottom to the top over a period of about a month. In midsummer, the tall flower stalks of common mullein, verbascum thapsus, begin to poke up, making this common weed in the family scrophulariaceae highly noticeable in the road cuts and waste areas where it thrives. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. An important characteristic of verbascum thapsus is its ability of adapting to a. Early work showed that 214 cmva was a specific precursor of verbenalin in verbena officinalis but not of aucubin in verbascum thapsus. Verbascum thapsus common mullein is a biennial forb native to europe and asia. Pronunciation of verbascum thapsus with 1 audio pronunciation, 10 synonyms, 1 translation and more for verbascum thapsus.
Sep 19, 2010 common mullein weed verbascum thapsus has a large number of synonyms and old local nick names which connect the plant with mycobacteria. The alabama plant atlas is a source of data for the distribution of plants within the state as well as taxonomic, conservation, invasive, and wetland information for each species. Figwort family scrophulariaceae native range europe and asia description common mullein, also known as wooly mullein, is an erect herb. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Colonization by verbascum thapsus mullein of an oldfield in michigan experiments on the effects of vegetation.
Verbascum thapsus, oenothera biennis, daucus carota, and tragopogon dubius. Verbascum thapsus, the great mullein or common mullein, is a species of mullein native to europe, northern africa, and asia, and introduced in the americas and australia. During the first year they are lowgrowing rosettes of bluish graygreen, with felt like leaves that range up to 30 cm in length and to cm in width. Common mullein weed verbascum thapsus has a large number of synonyms and old local nick names which connect the plant with mycobacteria. Verbascum thapsus an overview sciencedirect topics. The genus name and several of the many common names for v. The woolly leaves are alternate and overlapping each other and can grow over a foot long. Great mullein verbascum thapsus is regarded and an environmental weed in victoria, and as a minor or potential environmental weed in new south wales, the act and queensland. Hence, mullein is considered to be effective in healing tonsillitis inflammation of the tonsils, chicken pox, measles and mumps. The plant can become invasive by quickly colonizing disturbed areas. The larvae mature in the seed capsules and destroy up to 50% of the seeds. Mature flowering plants are produced the second year, and grow to 1.
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